Ethical Principles and Publication Policy

The journal follows COPE principles and the ICMJE recommendations. The peer review process is described on the About the Journal page.

Authorship follows the four ICMJE criteria. Contributors who do not meet all four are acknowledged rather than listed. AI tools cannot be authors.

Authors disclose financial and non-financial conflicts of interest, and disclosures are published with the article. Where the editor is an author, an independent party handles the manuscript.

Research on human participants requires ethics committee approval and informed consent, conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Animal research requires equivalent approval.

Submissions are screened for plagiarism. Fabrication, falsification, image manipulation, and fabricated references are misconduct.

Corrections are issued for errors that do not affect the conclusions. Retractions are issued where findings are unreliable; the article stays available with a retraction notice.